2010年6月1日星期二
玻璃市
玻璃市（马来语：Perlis），马来西亚最小的州，所以没有县份单位，简称玻州。玻璃市的首府是加央（Kangar），亚娄(Arau)是玻州的皇城，也是皇殿所在地，位于加央以东十公里处。其他主要城镇如巴东勿刹(Padang Besar)，位于马泰边界。玻璃市港口(Kuala Perlis)是玻璃市河的河口，是前往对岸浮罗交怡(Pulau Langkawi)及泰南沙敦（Satun）的渡头与玻州主要渔业港口。加基武吉(Kaki Bukit)因昔日盛产锡矿而发展，其他小镇包括新路(Pauh)、马打亚逸(Mata Ayer)、双弄(Sanglang)、十字港(Simpang Empat)、新港(Sungai Baru)、柏斯里(Beseri)、武吉格蒂里(Bukit Keteri)、旺吉连(Wang Kelian)、朱宾(Chuping)。
吉打的历史
吉打州布秧谷（Lembah Bujang）遗迹历史可回溯至4世纪，是马来半岛最古老的文明。《吉打纪年》（Marong Makvamsa）作Srokam。元‧汪大渊的《岛夷志略》作苏洛鬲，来自吉打古名Srokam。7至8世纪期间，吉打受三佛齐所管辖，之后又受暹罗（泰国的旧称）管治至到马六甲王朝在15世纪兴起为止。马六甲王朝于16世纪遭葡萄牙人所灭后，吉打先后遭葡萄牙，亚齐和暹罗攻击。为了避免暹罗的侵略，吉打求助英国的代表法兰西斯·莱特，并在18世纪先后把槟城和威省割让给英国。然而，暹罗最终还是于1821年侵占吉打。1909年，英国依英暹条约从暹罗取得吉打。
第二次世界大战，吉打（和吉兰丹）是马来亚最早被日本侵占的州属。当时，日本把吉打交于暹罗管辖，吉打被改名为Syburi。战后，吉打又重归英国，并在马来西亚脱离英国殖民独立后，成为马来西亚的一州。
第二次世界大战，吉打（和吉兰丹）是马来亚最早被日本侵占的州属。当时，日本把吉打交于暹罗管辖，吉打被改名为Syburi。战后，吉打又重归英国，并在马来西亚脱离英国殖民独立后，成为马来西亚的一州。
Geography of Kedah
Kedah is the 8th largest state by land area and 8th most populated state in Malaysia, with a total land area and population of 9,426 km2 and 1,818,188 respectively.
The Pedu Lake is the largest man-made lake in the state.
-Info courtesy of Wikipedia-
The Pedu Lake is the largest man-made lake in the state.
-Info courtesy of Wikipedia-
History of Kedah
The Bujang Valley has remains of a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that dates back to the 4th century AD, making it the oldest civilization of Peninsular Malaysia. The current royal family can trace their ancestry from this time. According to Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa or the Kedah Annals, Kedah was founded by a Hindu king named Merong Mahawangsa. According to the text further, the Sultanate of Kedah started in year 1136 when the 9th King Phra Ong Mahawangsa converted to Islam and adopted the name Sultan Mudzafar Shah.
In the 7th and 8th centuries, Kedah was under the domination of Srivijaya, and was later under Siam, until the rise of the Malay sultanate of Melaka in the 15th century. In the 17th century, Kedah was attacked by the Portuguese after their conquest of Melaka, and by Aceh. In the hope that Great Britain would protect what remained of Kedah from Siam, the sultan handed over Penang and then Province Wellesley to the British at the end of the 18th century. The Siamese nevertheless conquered Kedah in 1811, and it remained under Siamese control until transferred to the British by the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909.
In World War II, Kedah (along with Kelantan) was the first part of Malaya to be invaded by Japan. The Japanese returned Kedah to their Thai allies who had it renamed Syburi, but it returned to British rule after the end of the war. Kedah was a reluctant addition to the Federation of Malaya in 1948.
Since 1958, the hereditary Sultan of Kedah has been Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah. The Kedah Sultanate began when the 9th Kedah Maharaja Derbar Raja AD) converted to Islam and changed his name to Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Since then there have been 27 Sultans who ruled Kedah. The Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) is currently Datuk Seri Azizan Abdul Razak of (Pakatan Rakyat-PAS)
-Info courtesy of Wikipedia-
In the 7th and 8th centuries, Kedah was under the domination of Srivijaya, and was later under Siam, until the rise of the Malay sultanate of Melaka in the 15th century. In the 17th century, Kedah was attacked by the Portuguese after their conquest of Melaka, and by Aceh. In the hope that Great Britain would protect what remained of Kedah from Siam, the sultan handed over Penang and then Province Wellesley to the British at the end of the 18th century. The Siamese nevertheless conquered Kedah in 1811, and it remained under Siamese control until transferred to the British by the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909.
In World War II, Kedah (along with Kelantan) was the first part of Malaya to be invaded by Japan. The Japanese returned Kedah to their Thai allies who had it renamed Syburi, but it returned to British rule after the end of the war. Kedah was a reluctant addition to the Federation of Malaya in 1948.
Since 1958, the hereditary Sultan of Kedah has been Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah. The Kedah Sultanate began when the 9th Kedah Maharaja Derbar Raja AD) converted to Islam and changed his name to Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Since then there have been 27 Sultans who ruled Kedah. The Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) is currently Datuk Seri Azizan Abdul Razak of (Pakatan Rakyat-PAS)
-Info courtesy of Wikipedia-
吉打州
吉打州（马来语：Kedah）位于马来西亚（马来半岛）西北部，北部与玻璃市州和泰国的宋卡府及亚拉府为邻，南部和西南部与霹雳州及槟城州为邻。
吉打州被泰国统治的时期，被泰国称为syburi（泰语：ไทรบุรี）
加上浮罗交怡岛的吉打总面积约9425平方公里，总人口约1778188人。2003年的种族比例是：马来人（1,336,352），华人（252,987）, 印度人 （122,911），非公民 （35,293）和其他 （27,532）。
吉打州的首府是亚罗士打（Alor Setar）。其他的主要城市有双溪大年（Sungai Petani）和居林（Kulim）。位于岸外的浮罗交怡岛（Langkawi在海外通常译成兰卡威）是吉打州的一个出名的旅游胜地。
除此之外，吉打州盛产稻米，是马来西亚的“鱼米之乡”。马来西亚的国父兼第一任首相东姑阿都拉曼与第四任首相敦马哈迪医生都是来自此州。
吉打州被泰国统治的时期，被泰国称为syburi（泰语：ไทรบุรี）
加上浮罗交怡岛的吉打总面积约9425平方公里，总人口约1778188人。2003年的种族比例是：马来人（1,336,352），华人（252,987）, 印度人 （122,911），非公民 （35,293）和其他 （27,532）。
吉打州的首府是亚罗士打（Alor Setar）。其他的主要城市有双溪大年（Sungai Petani）和居林（Kulim）。位于岸外的浮罗交怡岛（Langkawi在海外通常译成兰卡威）是吉打州的一个出名的旅游胜地。
除此之外，吉打州盛产稻米，是马来西亚的“鱼米之乡”。马来西亚的国父兼第一任首相东姑阿都拉曼与第四任首相敦马哈迪医生都是来自此州。
Kedah
Kedah (Jawi: قدح, also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Aman, or "Abode of Peace") is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km², and it consists of the mainland and Langkawi. The mainland has a relatively flat terrain, which is used to grow rice. Langkawi is an archipelago of islands, most of which are uninhabited. Kedah was called Syburi (Thai: ไทรบุรี) by the Siamese when it was under their influence.
Kedah borders the state of Perlis and shares an international boundary with the Songkhla and Yala provinces of Thailand to the north. It also borders the state of Perak to the south and Penang to the southwest.
The state's capital and royal seat is Alor Setar. Other major towns include Sungai Petani, and Kulim on the mainland, and Kuah on Langkawi.
-Info courtesy of Wikipedia-
Kedah borders the state of Perlis and shares an international boundary with the Songkhla and Yala provinces of Thailand to the north. It also borders the state of Perak to the south and Penang to the southwest.
The state's capital and royal seat is Alor Setar. Other major towns include Sungai Petani, and Kulim on the mainland, and Kuah on Langkawi.
-Info courtesy of Wikipedia-
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